• Jesus of Nazareth is Crucified
• St. Paul and the founding of Christianity
• China is the most advanced nation
• Jews rebel against Rome and the Second Temple is destroyed
• Reign of Hadrian (117-138). He builds a 72 mile wall (Hadrian's Wall) to keep the Picts out of Britain
• Paper is invented in China
• Constantinople becomes capital of the Holy Roman Empire - 330
• Division of the Roman Empire into east and west - 395
• Sack of Rome by Alaric - 410

• Mohammed flees to Medina (Hegira) - 622
• Death of the Prophet Mohammed - 632
• T'ang dynasty in China
• Death of Imam Hussein at Kerbala - 680
• Victory of Charles Martel over the Saracens at Poitiers - 732
• Carolingians in France (751-987)
• Reign of Charlemagne (768-814)
• Reign of Alfred the Great in England (871-899)
• Fatimid Caliphat in Egypt (909 - 1171)

• Brian Boru at the battle of Clontarf (1014) drives Vikings out of Ireland
• William of Normandy ("the Conqueror") takes over England at the Battle of Hastings - 1066
• First Crusade, capture of Antiochus and Jerusalem by the crusaders (1096-1099)
• Reign of Saladin in Egypt and Syria (1171-1193)
• John of England forced to sign the Magna Carta, which guarantees the rights of the nobility and of freedom generally against encroachment by the Crown.
• Travels of Marco Polo (1260-1295)
• Ibn Battuta, Arab geographer and traveller (1304-1377)
• The Black Death strikes Europe (1347)
• Hundred Years' War between England and France (1337-1453)
• Joan of Arc forces the English to retreat at Orleans. In 1431 she is captured by the English and burned as a witch in Rouen.
• Tamerlane, Turko-Mongol conqueror (1336-1405)
• Incas establish Empire in South America
• The War of the Roses starts in 1455
• Invention of printing

Safavid Dynasty
1502 - 1737

Reign of Shah Abbas I (1571-1629), reconstruction of Isfahan begins

Reign of Nader Shah
1736-1747

Zand Dynasty (1750-1779), capital moved to Shiraz

Qajar Dynasty (1794-1925) moves capital to Tehran

• Michelangelo paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel (1508-1512)
• Reign of Henry VIII of England (1509-1547)
• Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation
• Reign of the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566)
• Spanish conquistadors destroy the Aztec civilisation of Mexico and the Inca civilisation of Peru
• Reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558-1603)
• Isaac Newton (1642 -1727) invents calculus, designs the first reflecting telescope, and works out the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
• American War of Independence (1775-1783)
• Beginning of the French Revolution (1789)
• Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon exiled to St Helena (1815)
• American Civil War (1861-1865)
• The British Empire at its peak

• Kemal Ataturk abolishes Ottoman Sultanate, proclaims the Turkish Republic (1922-1923)
• Boer War (1899 - 1902)
• Wright brother invent the aeroplane (1903) and Ford (1863-1947) produces cheap cars by mass production
• Titanic sinks on its maiden voyage (1912)
• World War I (1914 - 1918)
• Albert Einstein in 1916 develops the General Theory of Relativity
• New York stock market crashes (Oct. 24, 1929)
• Great Depression
• World War II (1939-1943)